你知道嗎？區(qū)塊鏈將顛覆這五大行業(yè)

來源：數(shù)據(jù)觀 時間：2018-09-06 14:13:41 作者：Ryan Ayers

數(shù)據(jù)觀丨王婕（譯）

你可能已經(jīng)通過加密貨幣聽說過區(qū)塊鏈技術了，但你知道區(qū)塊鏈技術有望給房地產、交通甚至司法等行業(yè)帶來革命嗎？

區(qū)塊鏈技術也許因比特幣而生，但它自帶的安全性交易的潛力，令這種強大技術的使用變成激動人心的可能。加密貨幣的基本算法即創(chuàng)新。在未來，各行各業(yè)的企業(yè)都有可能使用區(qū)塊鏈來記錄和驗證每一筆交易。這個實用的去中心化特性使其成為一種頗具吸引力的業(yè)務資源，企業(yè)對數(shù)字化備案應用的透明性和終結性十分向往。

區(qū)塊鏈可以增加信任感和責任感

隱私問題是每個美國人都關心的問題。在美國，大多數(shù)企業(yè)都將自己的交易記錄存儲在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，隨著數(shù)據(jù)泄露事件頻頻見諸報端，美國人已逐漸對這種情況精疲力竭。雖然區(qū)塊鏈技術不能防止所有數(shù)據(jù)被盜和網(wǎng)絡犯罪，但它可以幫助交易變得更安全，從而提高人們對企業(yè)保護消費者數(shù)據(jù)能力的信任。在網(wǎng)絡犯罪率不斷上升的情況下，不得不說這項技術來得正是時候。第一批被區(qū)塊鏈技術淘汰的應用程序將被證明是最不安全的交易方法。從我在不同行業(yè)看到的顛覆情況來看，我相信區(qū)塊鏈技術對于任何涉及交易的行業(yè)或領域來說都是一個可靠的資源。

以下便是在不久的將來，區(qū)塊鏈技術將為之帶來最令人興奮的顛覆，涉及五個行業(yè)、機構和領域。

1.金融行業(yè)

政府和大公司正在密切研究區(qū)塊鏈技術，以發(fā)掘使其落地的方法。由于欺詐行為是銀行和其他金融機構目前面臨的一個巨大問題，金融業(yè)正緊鑼密鼓地對區(qū)塊鏈展開研究。金融業(yè)高管認為，在將資金從一個賬戶轉移到另一個賬戶時，這項技術可能是一種理想的安全解決方案——在任何交易中，資金轉移一直是最安全性最弱的一環(huán)。區(qū)塊鏈可能不僅會顛覆數(shù)字安全領域，還會顛覆物流和許多行業(yè)的其他領域。加密貨幣也進入了眾籌和投資市場，并催生了Okcoin、Poloniex和ShapeShift等加密貨幣交易所。這種轉變不僅為個人提供了許多新的投資機會，還創(chuàng)造了一些新的就業(yè)機會，例如加密貨幣投資銀行家。盡管這是新生職業(yè)，但有人預測，這個崗位將有望得到與傳統(tǒng)投資銀行家一樣的薪酬，后者的薪資平均約為81339美元。

2.司法領域

企業(yè)和機構可能會使用區(qū)塊鏈技術來進行安全記錄、核實庫存、監(jiān)控資源以及重新分配資產。通過這些方法，區(qū)塊鏈技術可以為共享經(jīng)濟鋪平道路。社會地位不平等、收入差距大和可持續(xù)性收入增長是全球現(xiàn)代資本主義社會面臨的嚴重問題，新興技術有可能加劇這些問題。但區(qū)塊鏈能為共享經(jīng)濟賦能，從而潛在地加快確保經(jīng)濟繁榮全面包容的進程，而不是助長可能引起不平等和沖突的因素。

3.美國電網(wǎng)

美國的電網(wǎng)正在退化，而且已經(jīng)不合時宜。今天的能源網(wǎng)絡很容易受到自然災害和氣候變化等因素的影響。許多研究人員正在研究替代過時系統(tǒng)的解決方案，一些人認為區(qū)塊鏈將提供答案。

在布魯克林、紐約和其他城市，能源實驗的參與者使用太陽能電池板收集電能，并使用計算機化的“智能合同”進行交易。作為項目的一部分，參與者還安裝了智能電表。他們使用區(qū)塊鏈來保護和驗證所有不涉及公用事業(yè)公司或任何其他第三方的交易，不僅節(jié)省了成本，還提高了效率。

區(qū)塊鏈技術還可以幫助抵御來自大自然以外的攻擊。2018年，有消息稱俄羅斯黑客能夠侵入美國電網(wǎng)并切斷和控制電力。由于我們對電能的嚴重依賴，潛在的襲擊可能會造成混亂和經(jīng)濟損失。而更安全的網(wǎng)絡，比如區(qū)塊鏈技術支撐的網(wǎng)絡，則可以降低黑客入侵美國電網(wǎng)的可能性。

4.房地產領域

房地產行業(yè)是區(qū)塊鏈技術顛覆性潛力的絕佳證明。不動產的轉讓是一個紛繁復雜的過程，但是區(qū)塊鏈技術可以允許買賣雙方在瞬間轉讓產權。賣家可以使用這項技術將所有權和契約安全地轉讓給新業(yè)主，買家則可以通過加密貨幣支付交易費用。持有者還可以使用區(qū)塊鏈向相關的政府機構發(fā)送產權信息。

不管是對房主還是對買家來說，房地產買賣手續(xù)費都是一筆大開銷。雖然區(qū)塊鏈技術不會減少傭金和相關費用，但更簡化的購買流程可能會降低買房的成本和減少不必要的麻煩，這也使得年輕人早日買房這一愿景變得更加現(xiàn)實。

5.交通運輸行業(yè)

研究人員設想了這樣一個未來：區(qū)塊鏈和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)相結合，讓智慧城市成為現(xiàn)實。市政當局可以將路牌、交通燈、車輛和其他物品的傳感器連接到物聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，從而最大限度地提高交通效率?？茖W家們希望通過在這一基礎上利用區(qū)塊鏈來有效地減少通勤時間、交通堵塞和汽車尾氣排放。區(qū)塊鏈技術還可以提供潛在的便利，如停車及充電支付、交通罰單支付以及事故和維護監(jiān)控服務等。

結 語

分析師預測，到2018年底，比特幣的總價值將達到1.2萬億美元。然而，有識之士則認為區(qū)塊鏈的價值已遠遠超過了它最初應用于數(shù)字貨幣交易時候的價值。隨著越來越多的人開始接受一種不受政府或機構監(jiān)管的貨幣理念，比特幣迅速發(fā)展起來，且這種貨幣的估值是基于可量化的，盡管其供求關系非常復雜。雖然人們對比特幣的狂熱情緒正逐漸趨于理性，但人們對比特幣背后的區(qū)塊鏈技術仍然抱有極大興趣，我們很難對區(qū)塊鏈技術在切斷中間商、增加安全性、節(jié)省寶貴時間和費用上的價值視而不見。

附英語原文如下

Blockchain Technology Will Revolutionize These Five Industries

You’ve probably heard about blockchain technology through cryptocurrency, but did you know that blockchain technology is expected to revolutionize industries like real estate, transportation and even social justice?

Blockchain technology may have been made for bitcoin, but its potential to make transactions more secure is one of the most exciting possibilities for using this powerful technology. Innovation is most commonly known as the underlying algorithm of cryptocurrency. One day, businesses in every industry may use blockchain to record and verify every transaction. The decentralized characteristic of the utility makes it an appealing business resource, and enterprises covet the transparency and finality the digital recordkeeping application.

Blockchain Can Increase Trust and Accountability

Privacy issues are a concern for every American. With most businesses in the United States keeping their records and transactions mostly online, Americans have begun to become jaded as data breaches hit the news. While blockchain technology can’t prevent all data theft and cybercrime, it could help make transactions more secure, improving trust in businesses’ ability to protect consumer data. With cybercrime on the rise, the technology has arrived just in time. The first applications that will give way to blockchain are the most insecure transaction methods. From all of the disruption I’ve seen already in various industries, I believe that blockchain technology is a viable resource for any industry or field that conducts transactions.

Here are the five industries, institutions and fields that will experience the most exciting disruption due to blockchain technology in the near future.

The Finance Industry

Governments and large corporations are researching blockchain technology closely to unearth ways to utilize the resource. The finance industry is investigating blockchain intensely since fraud is a huge problem for banks and other financial organizations. Finance executives believe that the technology is a potentially ideal solution for security when transferring money from one account to another—always the most vulnerable point in any transaction. Blockchain may disrupt not only the field of digital security but also that of logistics and other fields across many industries. Cryptocurrency has also made its way into the crowdfunding and investment markets and led to the birth of crypto exchanges such as Okcoin, Poloniex and ShapeShift. This shift has not only opened up a number of new opportunities for individuals to invest, but also has created new job opportunities such as a crypto-investment banker. Although new, projections say that this position can expect to make as much as traditional investment bankers who have a median salary of approximately $81,339.

Another new feature brought on by blockchain tech is that investors can now buy into initial coin offerings (ICOs) in the same way that they buy into initial public offerings (IPOs). This is reshaping the investment world by eliminating geographical boundaries and speeding up the investment transaction process.

Social Justice

Enterprises and agencies could potentially use blockchain technology to securely record and verify inventories, monitor resources and redistribute assets. Via these means, the technology can pave the way toward a sharing economy. Inequality, income disparities and consistent income are serious problems in modern capitalist societies around the globe, and new technologies threaten to enhance these problems. Blockchain is a resource that can empower a sharing economy, and it can potentially accelerate the process of ensuring full inclusion in economic prosperity, rather than contribute to conditions that promote inequality and conflicts.

American Energy Grids

Energy grids in the United States are deteriorating and outdated. Today’s energy networks are vulnerable to elements such as natural disasters and climate changes. Many researchers are working on solutions to replace the outmoded system, and some believe that blockchain will provide the answer.

In Brooklyn, New York and other municipalities, participants in an energy experiment collect power using solar panels and exchange it using computerized “smart contracts.” The participants also install smart power meters as a part of the project. They use blockchain to secure and verify all transactions sans utility companies or any other third-party, saving on costs and increasing efficiency.

Blockchain technology could also help to fend off attacks from more than just Mother Nature. In 2018, information came to light that Russian hackers were able to gain access to United States electric grids, giving them the ability to cut off and control power. With our massive dependency on electricity, potential attacks could cause mayhem and economic damage. More secure networks, like those offered by the blockchain, could reduce the likelihood that hackers would be able to gain access to American energy grids.

The Real Estate Field

The real estate industry exemplifies the disruptive potential of blockchain technology. The transfer of real property is a complicated and extensive process, but blockchain technology can potentially allow property buyers and sellers to transfer property rights instantaneously. Sellers could use the technology to securely transfer titles and deeds to new owners, and buyers could pay for the transactions via cryptocurrency. Stakeholders could also use blockchain to send property information to the appropriate government agencies.

Closing costs are a big expense for homeowners and buyers alike. While blockchain technology won’t cut out commissions and related expenses, a simpler buying process could potentially reduce the cost and hassle of buying a home, making it more realistic for young people to get into the real estate market.

The Transportation Industry

Researchers imagine a future where blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) combine to make smart cities a reality. Municipalities could connect sensors for street signs, traffic lights, vehicles and other items to the IoT, enabling the rerouting of traffic for maximum efficiency. Scientists hope that by using blockchain in this manner they can reduce commute times, traffic congestion and vehicle emissions. The blockchain technology can also provide potential conveniences such as vehicle parking and be charging location and payment; traffic ticket payment; and accident and maintenance monitoring services.

Final Thoughts

Analysts forecast that bitcoin will achieve a total value of $1.2 trillion towards the end of 2018. However, forward-thinking individuals see the value of blockchain beyond its original application for digital currency transactions. Bitcoin took off rapidly as more people brought into the idea of a currency that’s free of government or institutional regulation and valued based on quantifiable, although highly complex, supply and demand. While the excitement about bitcoin is tempering, there’s great interest in its underlying blockchain technology. It’s hard to not see the value in cutting out middlemen, increasing security and saving precious time and expenses.

責任編輯：方茶云